Lithium battery fires: How to spot the warning signs
Lithium-ion batteries have revolutionized the way we power devices in our daily lives, from cell phones to electric cars. However, they do present potential hazards, such as fire or explosion. These hazards can occur for a variety of reasons, including poor battery manufacturing, overcharging, or battery damage. These problems can be avoided by using safe handling methods, but users should also know how to spot the precursors to a lithium-ion battery fire to ensure their own safety. The following are warning signs that a battery fire may be about to occur.
How to Identify Lithium Battery Hazard Warning Signs?
Physical Damage
Physical damage, such as cracks or dents on the battery casing, is a telltale sign that a lithium-ion battery may be dangerous. Physical damage can cause the battery contents to leak, which could result in a fire. This damage is usually caused by the battery being dropped or punctured, but can also be caused by extremely hot or cold temperatures. If your battery has been exposed to any of these conditions, be sure to inspect it for physical damage before proceeding.
Cell Swelling
Overheating or overcharging can cause lithium-ion batteries to swell, also known as "bloat." If you notice a swollen battery, it's recommended to replace the battery or have it checked by a professional. Stop using it immediately and replace it with a new one.
Overheating
Overheating can be caused by a faulty charging device or a damaged battery. If you notice your device or battery overheating, immediately turn it off and unplug it. The battery should be safe to use again once it has cooled, but be sure to monitor for overheating during future use.
Liquid Leakage
Lithium-ion batteries contain a liquid electrolyte solution that allows lithium ions to move between the anode and cathode during the charge and discharge cycles. This liquid is flammable and toxic to touch or ingest, so if you notice a leak, don't touch it. Instead, dispose of the battery immediately according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Strange Odors
A strong chemical odor can be a sign that something dangerous is about to happen. While the odor itself is not necessarily toxic, it can be a sign of a chemical or thermal reaction inside the battery that could result in a fire or explosion. If you smell a strange odor, including smoke, turn off the device immediately and have it checked by a professional.
How to Handle a Lithium-Ion Battery Fire
While following proper precautions can greatly reduce the risk of lithium-ion battery fires, they are still possible. Be prepared to handle them by learning these steps.
1. Use a fire extinguisher: Do not use water to put out a burning lithium battery, as it can cause a reaction and make the fire worse. Use a fire extinguisher to safely put out the fire. A Class D extinguisher is preferred, as it is specifically designed to handle combustible metals, but any available extinguisher will work.
2. Call 9-1-1: Battery fires can reignite minutes or even hours after the initial incident. Call the fire department as soon as possible so they can come and professionally handle the situation.
3. Maintain a safe distance: Monitor the battery from a safe distance to ensure it does not reignite and spread.
By taking lithium-ion battery safety tips, you can enjoy the benefits of lithium-ion batteries while keeping yourself and those around you safe.